Pronouns: What they are & how they work.

A pronoun is a word that takes the place of a noun to avoid repetition. So, instead of saying:
  
      "Tom is a nice boy. Tom has many friends. Tom likes to play with his friends"

we say:

     " Tom is a nice boy. He has many friends and he likes to play with them.
    
     After mentioning Tom for the first time, we can use the pronoun he. If it was Lisa instead of Tom, we would use she. If it was the car, we would use it, and so on.
These are called 'subject pronouns'. Because they replace the noun that did something = that was a subject.
 

Uses of the verb : To have

What do you know about the verb "To have"?
The verb to have has 2 meanings (2 uses);
1. It means :to own, to possess.
- I have a book.
2 As a helping verb, used in the present perfect tense.
- I have washed the car.


When it means "to own", as in the example
'I have a book', this is the present simple. If (He/she/ it) was used, we use 'has' (we cannot add an 's' he haves).
- She has a book.

CaPitaliZATion in EnGLisH.

With the increase of the social networks & the chatting services online, people tend to ignore when to use capital letters where appropriate. & that's totally fine! but the problem is, when writing somewhere other than a chat room or a text message, the habit may come along....
Writing things like "im", "gonna", "wanna" "u" .etc...is not a good practice outside the very informal situations. (for example, an English test)..
So, let's see where English demands letters be in capitals.
1. At the beginning of a sentence:note the capital letters in this article at the beginning of sentences; note also how every subtitle (which is a beginning of a line) also has the first letter in capital (orange)

Do you know everything about the plural in English?

Do you know everything about the plural?
In English, the plural is made by adding an s or es to the noun.
es is added instead of 's' when the word ends in one of the letters:
O    mango    = mangoes      
x     fox   = foxes
ch   match   = matches
sh   brush = brushes
s     dress   = dresses
   even the 's' of the present simple can not be added to the verbs ending in these letters
Do = does
wash = washes
fix = fixes
bless = blesses ( as a verb & as a noun).


But there are also other ways by which the plural can be formed. These are irregular forms:
Foot = feet
Man = men
woman = women
child = children
ox = oxen
mouse   = mice
Even though you can often 'guess' or 'predict' the plural of a word, it is best to learn the word & see if it has an irregular plural form. A good dictionary will tell you if the word has an interesting plural form ;
Click here to know more about the best English dictionaries for you

How to ask questions.

So, that's it for how to form questions in English. Share if you enjoyed the article, & if you have any questions, suggestions or comments, please write them below..till next time.

The Present Perfect

Let's study this example:
-Edward is looking for his pen. He can't find it.
-He has lost his pen.
-(He has lost his pen) means he has lost it recently, and he still doesn't have it.

The present perfect is the use of:
have/has + the past participle.

-I have finished
- we have been
- he has eaten

The ''Simple'' Past simple

The past simple is the easiest tense in English.
Because you don't have to add something to the verb. And all the pronouns have the same effect on the verb.
 

You only need to know if the verb is regular or irregular.
What is a regular verb?

To study grammar

Grammar word      Meaning                                   Example
Noun                         a person or thing                     book, girl, pen
verb                          something we do                     do, read, write
adjective                 describes a person or thing         good, bad, happy, long
adverb                     describes a verb                        slowly, suddenly
preposition             a word used before noun       in, on, by, at
                                  or pronoun
singular                   just one                                      a book, an apple
plural                       more than one                          books, feet

infinitive verb:  the verb with no 'ing, s, ed...'. usually preceded by 'to'.

List of Irregular verbs

#Tip: Learn this list however you like; you can learn some every now & then or just browse through them until you memorize them. Write them or don't, it's up to you!
Infinitive              Past simple      Past Participle                                                                      
be                          was/were           been  
beat                       beat                    beaten
become                 became              become
begin                     began                 begun
bend                       bent                   bent
bet                          bet                     bet
bite                         bit                      bitten

The Simplest Overview of the Grammar Tenses. (12 tenses)

In English you can express an action according to:
-whether it continues to happen.
-Has a result on a future time   OR
- it is simple.
And in any language something can happen in the past, present, or in the future.

So we have:
1. Past Simple.
       (I did).
2. Past Continuous.
       (I was doing).
3.Past Perfect.
       (I had done)
4. Present Simple.
       (I do).
5. Present Continuous.
       (I am doing).

Do you know what an adverb is?

An adverb is a word that describes how something happens or how something is.
If I say : "Come quickly!", the listener will understand more than if I just say: "Come!".
The same thing if I say :" It rained heavily".
Most adverbs are formed from adjectives by adding "-ly" But not all adverbs:
- Slow => slowly : The car was moving slowly.
- Bad => badly: The football player was badly injured.
- Rare =>rarely: I rarely see him sad.
-Usual => usually: I usually wake up early.
-Easy => She can travel to other countries easily.
# Not all adverbs end in "-ly":

Verb: To be

Ask yourself this question:
"What do I know about the verb 'to be'?".
As you can see above, the verb 'to be' has so many forms ( It is very irregular!) and sometimes it is hard to know the difference between them ( for example, been & being) or (was, were).
So let's take a look at the difference between these forms because the verb 'to be' is the most important & commonest verb in any language. esp, English.
1.Will be:
'Will be' is the future of 'to be'.
example:
-I am a student. => I will be a student.